Learning differences, this refers to the diverse way we learn and the rate at which we learn and learning differences include learning motivators, interests, aspirations, cultural background, personal strengths, personal weaknesses. Some students will favour, for example, a verbal learning approach. Some might favour a visual learning approach. Some might be a combination of learning approaches. Some might need demonstration. Some might need a lot of repeating and practising. But that's learning differences. When we move into learning difficulties, that refers to the factors outside of learning differences, that might impact on a student's ability to achieve at the same rate as their peers. So things like absenteeism, which was brought up before, ineffective instruction, not being presented or exposed to the necessary learning content or curriculum, English as a second language, socioeconomic factors, personal or family situations, even family trauma. And each of these factors might prevent a student from being able to learn and reach expected educational targets. The factors preventing the student from achieving need to be identified by the school and solutions and interventions need to be problem solved through to overcome these and support the students' education and help them to reach these learning targets. Learning disability is defined by the DDA and the Disability Standards of Education and they refer to a disorder or malfunction that results in the individual learning differently to an individual without a disorder or malfunction. And students with learning disabilities do not respond to appropriate intervention. So the DSM 5, which is what the psychs and medical people use to diagnose mental health disorders, perceive learning disorders as to be categorised as part of a neurodevelopmental disorder. And students with learning disorders are often presenting within to above age expected levels. However, there's a gap that presents between their potential achievement and their presenting achievement levels. And disorders are lifelong, permanent and of neurological origin. So according to the Dyslexia Spell Foundation, which I know the NCCD has quoted, there's approximately 3 to 5% of the population that might present with a learning disorder, just to give you an idea within your school context. Specific learning disorders might refer to dyslexia, which is reading difficulties, dysgraphia writing, dyscalculia, which is maths, dyspraxia, which is movement coordination and auditory processing disorders or developmental language disorders. So learning differences and learning difficulties are not included in the NCCD but learning disorders are included in the NCCD.